Tourism Planning Policies and Trends
(4th Semester)
Course Objectives:

Students at the end of this course will:
·        Understand the basic concepts, principles and techniques of national and regional tourism planning
·        Be able to understand the relationship between environmental considerations and tourism planning with a view to sustainable development
·        Be able to appreciate and understand the tourism planning framework of Nepal and familiarize themselves with the functioning of various organs of the Government of Nepal, involved in tourism development.
Unit I
1.      Tourism Planning – Introduction to tourism planning, reasons for tourism planning in destination areas
1.1.   Introduction, tourism sector, developer and tourist perspectives, goal for development planning new look, planning scales.
(Tourism planning, Basic concepts cases. Third Edition by Clare a Gunn, Page: 3-31)
2.      Concepts of Tourism Planning and Planning Process
2.1.   Planning process: Study Preparation, Determination of objectives, Survey of all elements, analyses and synthesis, policy and plan formulation, formulation of institutional recommendations, implementation and monitoring.
(Edward Inskeep, National and regional tourism planning book, Methodologies and case study, WTO publication, page No 11-16)
(Tourism Planning and development – A new perspective, by JK Sharma edition 2004, page no. 86-126)
3.      Consequences of unplanned development
3.1.   Physical impacts, human impacts, marketing impacts, organizational impacts, other impacts.
(The Tourism System: an introductory text, by Robert Christie Mill, Alastaim, M. Morrison page no 287-289)
4.      Tourism Impact – socio-cultural, economic, & environmental
4.1.   Positive and negative economical impacts and measures to lessen
4.2.   Positive and negative socio-cultural impacts and measures to lessen
4.3.   Positive and negative environmental impacts and measures to lessen
(Edward Inskeep, National and regional tourism planning book, Methodologies and case study, WTO publication, page no 29-38)
(Tourism Planning and Development – A New perspective, by JK Sharma, edition 2004, page no. 346-400)

Model Questions
1.            Interactive planning approaches emphasize to better decisions than conventional planning by means of participative process – explain.
2.            What could be consequences of unplanned tourism development and management in regards to physical, human, marketing and organizational impacts?
3.            Write the relationship to recreation and conservation and impact of tourism on socio-cultural, economic, & environmental.
4.            Define sustainability in tourism planning and describe the principles of Sustainable Tourism & Ecotourism.
Unit II
5.      Planning for sustainable development, destination management, marketing and organizational considerations.
5.1.   Growth and quality, environmental issues and tourism, Sustainable Development, Ecotourism, conclusions,
(C.A. Gunn, Third Edition, Chapter 4 Sustainable Development, page 79-102)
(Tourism Planning and Development – A New perspective, by JK Sharma, edition 2004, page no. 457-460, 165-169)
6.      Factors influencing planning
6.1.   Planning approaches: Tourism and Politics, planning and political ideologies, foundations for planning, the functioning tourism systems.
6.2.   External factors: Natural resources, entrepreneurship, finance, labor, competition, community, government policies, and organization leadership.
(Tourism Planning, Second Edition, CA Gunn, Chapter 3, page 61-77)
(Tourism Planning and Development – A New perspective, by JK Sharma, edition 2004, page no.162-165, 276-308)
7.      Establishing carrying capacity
(National and regional tourism planning book, WTO publication page no 63-66, Tourism and recreation by Baud-Bovy & Fred Lawson pg 11-12)
(Tourism Planning and Development – A New perspective, by JK Sharma, edition 2004, page no 24-27, 460-466)
o       Determining carrying capacities:
o       Indigenous physical and socio- economic environment
o       The tourism image and tourist product
8.      Problems and solutions
8.1.   Introduction, Tourism and market failure, Public goods and free resources, Sustainability, Nature of demand for tourism resources.
(Tourism Destination by Rob Davidson and Robert Maitland, chapter 5, page no 95-103)
8.2.   Tourism and regeneration (Changing economics, consequences of economic change, tourism, ace (leading) and regeneration, realizing tourism resources, tourism as a regeneration catalyst).
Tourism Destination by Rob Davidson and Robert Maitland, chapter 5, page no 103-112)
9.      Implementation and Monitoring
a)      Monitoring and management
b)      Checklist for Development factors, marketing factors, economic impact environmental and socio-cultural impact, institutional factors
(Edward Inskeep, National and regional tourism planning book, Methodologies and case study, WTO publication page no. a) 55-56; b) 75-77
Model Questions
5.      What are the Environmental indicators of Sustainable Tourism Planning?
6.      Write a meaning and significance of Tourism Destination Management? How it is linked with tourism development plans?
7.      What are the internal and external factors that influenced in tourism planning process?
8.      Describe the Functioning of Tourism System. Brief a model of the key functional components that make up the dynamic and interrelated tourism system including the important relationship between demand and supply.
9.      Write the elements of carrying capacity to be determined by the planner in the process of tourism development plans.
10.  What are the needs to be determined by a planner in carrying capacity of a destination so that tourism development is sustainable?
11.  Tourism as a regeneration catalyst of a destination – describes; besides write a brief-note on tourism and regeneration in the changing economics context; also write consequences of economic change, tourism, ace and regeneration.
12.  Write an approaches to implementation and monitoring of the structural tourism plan
13.  Write a process of implementation and monitoring of tourism development plans.
14.  Write the respective roles of public and private sectors in implementation and monitoring of tourism plans
15.  Give a brief-note on a model of organizational structures for tourism planning and implementation
Unit III
10.  Manpower planning
10.1.                    Tourism Manpower Planning
(Edward Inskeep: Comprehensive National and Regional Tourism Planning Course – WTO page no 41-42)
11.  Tourism Planning and Policy Formulation
11.1.  Establishing a tourism policy, a model for tourism policy, (goal, constraints, tourism objectives, tourism policy, tourism program)
(The Tourism System: An introductory text, Robert Christie Mill, Alastaim M. Morrison page no 244-250)
Model Questions
16.  Give a meaning and significance of tourism manpower planning, also write the importance of tourism organization, legislation and investment policies
17.  Write the reasons with roles and responsibilities of Public and Private and People's Involvement in National Tourism Planning.
18.  Write a model of tourism planning and organizations involved.
Unit IV
12.  Tourism planning framework in Nepal
12.1.  Tourism Organization: MoTCA, NTB, 9th and 10th Five Year Plan and 11th Three Year Plan of Nepal by NPC
12.2.  Tourism Policy of 2057 and 2066, Nepal Tourism Master Plan 1972 and 2008 (Draft).
(Relevant web sites of MoTCA, NTB, 9th and 10th Five Year Plan and 11th Three Year Plan – National Planning Commission)
13.  Tourism Development and Management:
13.1.  Selected case studies from around the world: Tibet, Bhutan, Goa and Maldives
(Comprehensive National and Regional Tourism Planning Course. WTO by Edward Inskeep – case study section)
Model Questions
19.  Write the respective roles and functions of NTA and NTO in the case MoTCA and NTB for National Tourism Development and promotion.
20.  Write the basic goals, objectives and strategies of Tourism Sector in 11th Three Year Interim Plan and describe the major changes from 10th Five Year Tourism Plan.
21.  Describe the vision and major objectives of newly promulgated Nepal’s Tourism Policy 2008 and explain the significant changes from Tourism Policy 1995.
22.  Brief the primary goal and objectives of Tourism Master Plan 1972.
23.  Write the major issue exposed in the Tourism Master Plan 2008 (draft).
Book Recommended
a)      Mill, Robert Christle & Morrison, Alastair M.: the Tourism System – an Introductory Text:
b)      Clare A. Gunn: Second and Third Edition, Tourism Planning
c)      Edward Inskeep: Comprehensive National & Regional Tourism Planning Course (WTO)
d)      Rob Davidson and Robert Maltland, Tourism Destination
e)      Baud-Bovy & Fred Lawson: Tourism and Recreation. Handbook of planning and design
f)        Ninth and Tenth Five and Eleven Three Year Plans of Nepal. National Planning Commission
g)      Nepal Tourism Master Plan 1972
h)      Nepal Tourism Master Plan 2008 (Draft)

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